What are machine expansion and hand expansion in root canal treatment?

Jul 01,2025

Patients who have undergone root canal treatment know that during the procedure, the dentist will repeatedly use a needle to puncture their teeth. This "needle" is called a file, an essential tool in root canal treatment. Its main function is to reach the apex and expand the root canal to clean the decayed pulp and prepare for root canal filling. There are two ways to expand the root canal and clean the pulp chamber using a file: manual rotation using a hand file, and using a motor-driven file with apical guidance. Manual insertion is called hand expansion, while motor-driven insertion is called machine expansion.

What are machine expansion and hand expansion in root canal treatment?

Those who have undergone root canal treatment know that the dentist will repeatedly use a needle to poke our teeth. This "needle" used by the dentist is called a file, an essential tool in root canal treatment. Its main function is to use the file to reach the apex, expand the root canal, and clean the decayed material in the pulp to prepare for root canal filling.

There are two ways to expand the root canal and clean the pulp chamber with a file: one is manual rotation of the file by the dentist, and the other is using a micromotor to guide the file. Manual insertion is called hand expansion, while micromotor-driven insertion is called machine expansion.

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